There are good causes to control the Leonid meteors this yr.
It is nonetheless one of many coolest issues I ever noticed. I used to be within the US Air Power within the 90s, and November 1998 noticed me deployed to the darkish skies of Kuwait. That journey offered an surprising deal with, because the Leonid meteors hit dramatic storm ranges on the morning of the seventeenth.
Meteor got here quick and livid in the direction of native dawn, usually lighting up the desert flooring like celestial photoflashes within the sky.
As soon as each 33 years or so, the ‘lion roars,’ as Leonid meteors appear to rain down from the Sickle asterism of the constellation Leo. And whereas the final outbreak was centered across the years surrounding 1999, there’s some fascinating dialogue about potential encounters with previous Leonid streams in 2024.
The Leonids in 2024
To make certain, 2024 is in any other case slated to be an off yr for the bathe. The regular annual most for 2024 is anticipated to happen on Sunday, November seventeenth at round ~4:00 Common Time (UT), with an anticipated Zenithal Hourly Fee (ZHR) of 15-20 meteors per hour seen underneath perfect circumstances. This favors Europe within the early daybreak hours.
However there are additionally a number of different streams that will arrive earlier this week and are value awaiting. Jérémie Vaubaillon of the Paris Observatory IMCCE notes that Earth could encounter three older streams from periodic comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle.
The comet is the supply of the Leonids. On a 33.8 yr orbit, a meteor bathe happens when the Earth plows headlong into the stream of mud and particles laid down by the comet.
- A path laid down in 1633 (the supply of the 2001 meteor storm). Earth is close to this path on November 14th at 16:37 UT, favoring northwestern North America within the early morning hours.
- A mud path from 1733, peaking on November 19/twentieth at 23:53 to 00:54 UT, favoring north/central Asia.
- And eventually, an encounter with a string of older (greater than a millennium previous) streams on November 14th at 16:37 UT, (the identical time because the 1633 stream). It’s value noting that the 1733 stream was the suspected supply of the 1866 Leonid meteor storm.
Watching this Thursday morning on the 14th could possibly be a harbinger as as to if or not we’re in for a present. Sadly, the Moon is waxing gibbous and headed in the direction of full this week on November fifteenth, that means that it with present growing illumination and reduce down noticed meteor charges.
The Leonids on previous current years have held regular at predicted charges of about or so 20 per hour. It is value noting that one other encounter with the 1699 stream and potential outburst is predicted for subsequent yr, 2025.
Meteor bathe… or storm?
Meteor storms happen when the zenithal hourly charge tops 500 or extra per hour. Have in mind, a ZHR of a thousand or larger signifies that you are seeing a meteor each few seconds.
The October Draconids and the December Andromedids are additionally vulnerable to nice outbursts, however the Leonids are essentially the most infamous and well-known. The 1966 bathe seen over the US southwest topped an incredible ZHR of as much as 150,000 per hour (!)
Observing and imaging the Leonids
Early morning hours are greatest to see meteors, as you are standing on the swath of the floor of the Earth that is turned ahead in to the stream. Pinpoint meteors will happen close to the bathe radiant, whereas lengthy streaks will stand out out in stark profile about 45 to 90 levels away on both facet of the radiant.
I prefer to intention my tripod-mounted DSLR at these areas, set the lens to the widest area of view potential, and easily let it run taking auto-exposures and see what turns up. An intervalometer is a good gadget to automate this course of. This permits me to only sit again with a steaming scorching cup of tea (a should for chilly November mornings) and easily watch the present, as meteors slide by.
Maybe, we’ll merely must watch for 2030s to see robust exercise from the Leonids once more.
However do you actually need to danger lacking a shock present? To cite hockey participant Wayne Gretzky: “You miss 100% of the shots you don’t take.” The identical holds true for lacking versus catching meteor storms: you simply have to point out up and watch.
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